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A number of drugs and toxins are associated with the development of PAH. The association between exposure to drugs and toxins and PAH is classified as definite or possible, as proposed at the 6th WSPH.
| Definite association | Possible association |
|---|---|
| Aminorex Benfluorex Dasatinib Dexfenfluramine Fenfluramine Methamphetamines Toxic rapeseed oil | Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C) Amphetamines Bosutinib Cocaine Diazoxide Direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus (sofosbuvir) Indirubin (Chinese herb Qing-Dai) Interferon alpha and beta Leflunomide L-tryptophan Phenylpropanolamine Ponatinib Selective proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib) Solvents (trichloroethylene) St John’s Wort |