Shadowing
- a hypoechoic region appearing beneath a structure with abnormally high attenuation
Figure source
Reverberation
- caused by the ultrasound wave bouncing repeatedly between two strong reflectors, creating multiple, equally spaced, hyperechoic lines that can obscure the true anatomy
- frequently seen when the ultrasound encounters interfaces like the pleura, metallic objects, or implants
- can make these structures appear thicker and deeper than they actually are
- appears as a series of parallel, bright lines that are equally spaced behind the reflective surface
Figure source